Gregor Johannes BavendiekA contribution to the electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis of soft and hard magnetic materials in electrical machines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ISBN: | 978-3-8440-7567-0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reihe: | Aachener Schriftenreihe zur Elektromagnetischen Energiewandlung Herausgeber: Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h. c. mult. Kay Hameyer Aachen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Band: | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schlagwörter: | Finite Element Analysis; Magnetic Material; Electrical Machines | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publikationsart: | Dissertation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sprache: | Englisch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seiten: | 200 Seiten | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abbildungen: | 79 Abbildungen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gewicht: | 285 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Format: | 21 x 14,8 cm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bindung: | Paperback | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preis: | 48,80 € | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Erscheinungsdatum: | September 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kaufen: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Zusammenfassung: | In order to further increase the utilization of electrical machines, it is desirable to have precise knowledge of the later characteristics already in the design phase. This requires an electromagnetic simulation based on fundamental electromagnetic relationships, such as the Maxwell equations, on the one hand, and on models of special effects, such as material-dependent effects, on the other. In particular, the properties of the materials used have a strong influence on the achievable efficiency and power density of an electrical machine. The accuracy of finite element analysis as the predominant solution method for electromagnetic simulations in the time and space domain depends primarily on the selected discretization. Even if this can be significantly increased on modern computers, this does not bring any gain in accuracy if the applied material models do not sufficiently cover the effects of a material. For this reason, different material models exist, but they are also subject to restrictions and simplifications that limit the consideration of relevant effects in the simulation. Especially a simple consideration of anisotropy and hysteresis is a challenge. Therefore, a general methodology for the consideration of magnetic material in the finite element method is discussed and suitable state of the art material models are further developed. The focus is on models with empirical equations and physical parameters that can be extracted directly from measurements. A direct use of measurement data in simulation is also pursued. This approach offers a good compromise between applicability and reliable evaluation. The benefit is underlined by the consideration of simulation examples of relevant technical applications.
As a soft magnetic material electrical steel is considered and its anisotropy and hysteresis are discussed on the basis of one- and two-dimensional measurements. The deviation in the phase angle, which can only be determined by means of two-dimensional measurements between the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field strength, is particularly emphasized. A model of anisotropic magnetization without hysteresis is derived as well as a vectorial pragmatic algebraic model of hysteresis with improved anisotropy. The simulations of the T.E.A.M. problem 32 as well as those of the underlying measurement setups agree well with the measurements. The simulation example of a segmented permanent magnet synchronous machine under consideration of anisotropy shows the strong local influence of anisotropy on the magnetic field and flux density distribution. A special focus of the work is on hard magnetic material, in particular high-energy rare earth permanent magnets, as they are the most promising choice for various electrical machines. In contrast to soft magnetic materials, effects such as anisotropy and hysteresis are much more pronounced. Detailed series of measurements are performed on the permanent magnet samples using a pulse magnetometer. The measurements are modelled by empirical equations with physical parameters. The strong dependence of the magnetization history is concerned into the modelling of the hysteresis. Therefore, the dependence of the magnetization and demagnetization characteristics on the magnetization field strength is extensively measured and modelled. The derived consistent model for the magnetization and demagnetization of permanent magnets is extended for a complete hysteresis covering inner loops during incomplete magnetization processes. The model allows to predict the magnetic field and the resulting magnetization of a permanent magnet during and after any transient magnetization process. The properties of the model are discussed using numerical simulations such as a single magnetizing coil, a post-assembly magnetization of a synchronous machine with collector or V-shaped magnet arrangement, and the in-situ magnetization of a synchronous machine with surface magnets. The numerical examples illustrate which questions can be investigated using the simulation model, e.g. the determination of the achievement of the required magnetization field under consideration of local field distortions by self-demagnetization and eddy currents. The model forms the basis for further detailed research, e.g. for the improved design of magnetic circuits of synchronous machines with variable magnetic flux, in-situ and post-assembly magnetization. |